Izingozi ezikhona zokumba uwoyela negesi ziyaxaka, kanti okunzima kakhulu ukungaqiniseki kokucindezela kwemigodi. Ngokusho kwe-International Association of Drilling Contractors,I-Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)iyindlela yokumba eguquguqukayo esetshenziselwa ukulawula ngokunembile ukucindezela kwe-annular kuwo wonke umthombo. Kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, kuthuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe nezindlela eziningi ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kunqobe izinselelo ezilethwa ukungaqiniseki kwengcindezi. Kusukela kwethulwa i-Rotating Control Device (RCD) yokuqala emhlabeni wonke ngo-1968, i-Weatherford ibe yingqalabutho embonini.
Njengomholi embonini ye-MPD, i-Weatherford isungule ngendlela entsha izixazululo nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ukuze andise ububanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kokulawula ingcindezi. Nokho, ukulawula ingcindezi akukhona nje ukulawula ingcindezi yonyaka. Kufanele icabangele izimo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ezingenakubalwa emhlabeni wonke, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezinselele ezindaweni ezihlukene zemithombo. Ngamashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqiwe, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe benkampani bayaqaphela ukuthi inqubo yokulawula ingcindezi enhle kakhulu kufanele ilungiselelwe ukubhekana nezinselele ezihlukene kunokuba ibe isistimu elingana nosayizi owodwa wanoma isiphi isicelo. Ngokuqondiswa yilo mgomo, ubuchwepheshe be-MPD bamazinga ahlukene buthuthukisiwe ukuze buhlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezinkampani ezisebenzayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zabo noma indawo yazo ingaba inselele kangakanani.
01. Ukudala i-Closed-Loop System Ukusebenzisa i-RCD
I-RCD inikeza kokubili isiqiniseko sokuphepha kanye nokuphambukiswa kokugeleza, esebenza njengobuchwepheshe bezinga lokungena le-MPD. Athuthukiswa ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 ukuze asebenze ogwini, ama-RCD aklanyelwe ukuphambukisa ukugeleza phezuluI-BOPukwakha uhlelo lokujikeleza kwe-loop evaliwe. Le nkampani ibilokhu isungula futhi yathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-RCD, ithola impumelelo efakazelwe ensimini emashumini ambalwa eminyaka.
Njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-MPD zikhula zibe izinkambu eziyinselele kakhulu (njengezindawo ezintsha nezinselele), izimfuno eziphezulu zifakwa ezinhlelweni ze-MPD. Lokhu kuqhubekisele phambili inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-RCD, manje osebunezingcindezi namazinga okushisa alinganiselwe aphezulu, ngisho nokuthola iziqu zokusebenzisa izimo zegesi emsulwa e-American Petroleum Institute. Isibonelo, i-Weatherford's polyurethane's polyurethane izingxenye zokuvala izinga lokushisa eliphezulu zinezinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-60% uma liqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezikhona ze-polyurethane.
Ngokuvuthwa kwemboni yamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zasogwini, i-Weatherford ithuthukise izinhlobo ezintsha zama-RCD ukuze kubhekwane nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zezindawo ezingashoni namanzi ajulile. Ama-RCD asetshenziswa ezinkundleni zokumba amanzi angashoni abekwe ngaphezu kwe-BOP engaphezulu, kuyilapho emikhunjini yokumba esesimweni esiguquguqukayo, ama-RCD ngokuvamile afakwa ngaphansi kweringi ye-tension njengengxenye yokuhlanganisa isikhuphukeli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isicelo noma imvelo, i-RCD ihlala iwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, igcina ingcindezi eqhubekayo ye-annular ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokumba, yenza izithiyo ezivimbela ukucindezela, ukuvimbela izingozi zokubhoboza, nokulawula ukuhlasela kwamanzi okwakheka.
02. Ukwengeza ama-Choke Valves for Better Pressure Control
Nakuba ama-RCD ekwazi ukuphambukisa uketshezi olubuyayo, amandla okulawula ngokuqhubekayo iphrofayili yomfutho womthombo wemithombo atholakala ngezinto zokusebenza ezingaphezulu komfula, ikakhulukazi ama-valve okuminyanisa. Ukuhlanganisa lesi sisetshenziswa nama-RCD kunika amandla ubuchwepheshe be-MPD, buhlinzeke ngokulawula okunamandla phezu kwezingcindezi ze-wellhead. Isixazululo se-Weatherford's PressurePro Managed Pressure, lapho sisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nama-RCD, sithuthukisa amakhono okumba ngenkathi sigwema izigameko ezihlobene nokucindezela phansi.
Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa i-Human-Machine Interface (HMI) eyodwa ukulawula ama-valve okuminyanisa. I-HMI iboniswa kukhompuyutha ephathekayo ekhabetheni lomshini wokubhola noma phansi, okuvumela abasebenzi basensimini ukuthi balawule ama-valve okuminyanisa kuyilapho beqapha imingcele ebalulekile yokumba. Ama-opharetha afaka inani lokucindezela elifunekayo, bese uhlelo lwe-PressurePro lugcina ngokuzenzakalelayo leyo ngcindezi ngokulawula i-SBP. Ama-valve okuminyanisa angalungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni zokucindezela kwe-downhole, okuvumela ukulungiswa kwesistimu okusheshayo nokuthembekile.
03. Ukuphendula Okuzenzakalelayo Ezingozini Ezincishisiwe Zokubhola
I-Victus Intelligent MPD Solution ime njengomunye wemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-MPD yakwa-Weatherford kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu be-MPD emakethe. Yakhelwe phezu kwe-RCD evuthiwe ye-Weatherford kanye nobuchwepheshe be-valve yokuminyanisa, lesi sixazululo siphakamisa ukunemba, ukulawula, nokuzenzakalela kumazinga angakaze abonwe. Ngokuhlanganisa imishini yokumba imishini, inika amandla ukuxhumana phakathi kwemishini, ukuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela kwezimo zemithombo, kanye nezimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo ezisheshayo ezivela endaweni emaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ngokunembile ingcindezi ye-bottomhole.
Ngaphambili kwemishini, isixazululo se-Victus sithuthukisa amandla okulinganisa ukugeleza nokuminyana ngokuhlanganisa amamitha okugeleza kwe-Coriolis mass kanye ne-manifold enamavalvu okuklinya amane alawulwa ngokuzimela. Amamodeli we-hydraulic athuthukisiwe acabangela amazinga okushisa oketshezi nokwakheka, ukuminyana koketshezi, kanye nemiphumela yokusikwa kwe-wellbore ukucacisa ngokunembile ingcindezi yesikhathi sangempela somgodi ongaphansi. I-Artificial intelligence (AI) yokulawula ama-algorithms ikhomba okudidayo kwe-wellbore, ixwayisa umshini wokubhoboza kanye nama-opharetha we-MPD, futhi ithumele ngokuzenzakalelayo imiyalo yokulungisa kumshini ongaphezulu we-MPD. Lokhu kuvumela ukutholwa kwesikhathi sangempela kokungena/ukulahlekelwa kwe-wellbore futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa okufanele kumishini esekelwe kumodeli we-hydraulic kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile, konke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufakwa ngesandla okuvela kubaqhubi. Uhlelo, olusekelwe kuzilawuli ze-logicable logic (PLCs), lungahlanganisa kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo endaweni yokumba ukuze lunikeze ingqalasizinda ethembekile, evikelekile ye-MPD.
Ukusebenzelana komsebenzisi okwenziwe lula kusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlale begxile kumapharamitha angukhiye futhi bakhiphe izexwayiso zemicimbi engazelelwe. Ukuqapha okusekelwe kusimo kulandelela ukusebenza kwempahla ye-MPD, kunika amandla ukunakekelwa okusebenzayo. Ukubika okuzenzakalelayo okuthembekile, okufana nezifinyezo zansuku zonke noma ukuhlaziya kwangemuva komsebenzi, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokumba. Ekusebenzeni kwamanzi ajulile, isilawuli kude ngesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esisodwa kusiza ukufakwa kwesikhuphukeli esizenzakalelayo, ukuvalwa okuphelele kwe-Annular Isolation Device (AID), ukukhiya nokuvula i-RCD, nokulawula indlela yokuhamba. Kusukela ekuklanyweni komthombo kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela kuya kuzifingqo zangemuva komsebenzi, yonke idatha ihlala ifana. Ukuphathwa kokubuka ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nezici zokuhlola/zokuhlela zobunjiniyela kuphathwa ngenkundla ye-CENTRO Well Construction Optimization.
Intuthuko yamanje ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamamitha okugeleza kwengcindezi ephezulu (afakwe esikhuphukeni) ukuze amiselele izinto zokubala zokushaywa kwephampu ezilula zokulinganisa ukugeleza okuthuthukisiwe. Ngalobu buchwepheshe obusha, izakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nezici zokugeleza kwenqwaba yoketshezi olungena kumjikelezo wokumba i-loop evaliwe ingaqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zoketshezi olubuyayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zokulinganisa udaka okwenziwa ngesandla ezinamaza okubuyekeza aphansi kakhulu, lolu hlelo lunikeza imodeli ephakeme ye-hydraulic kanye nedatha yesikhathi sangempela.
04. Ukunikeza Ukulawulwa Kwengcindezi Okulula, Okunembile kanye Nokutholwa Kwedatha
Ubuchwepheshe be-PressurePro ne-Victus yizixazululo ezenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni lokungena nezithuthukisiwe zokulawula ingcindezi, ngokulandelana. I-Weatherford ibone ukuthi kukhona izicelo ezifanele izixazululo eziwela phakathi kwala mazinga amabili. Isixazululo sakamuva senkampani se-Modus MPD sigcwalisa lesi sikhala. Idizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ogwini, namanzi angashoni, umgomo wesistimu uqondile: ukugxila ezinhlelweni zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe bokulawula ingcindezi, okuvumela izinkampani ezisebenzayo ukuthi zibhola kahle kakhulu futhi zinciphise okuhlobene nengcindezi. izindaba.
Isixazululo se-Modus sinomklamo oyimojuli wokufakwa ovumelana nezimo nokusebenza kahle. Amadivayisi amathathu afakwe ngaphakathi kwesitsha esisodwa sokuthumela, esidinga kuphela i-lift eyodwa ngesikhathi sokuthulula esizeni. Uma kudingeka, amamojula angawodwana angasuswa esitsheni sokuthumela ukuze abekwe ngokuqondile endaweni yomthombo.
Ukuminyanisa okuhlukahlukene kuyimojula eyodwa ezimele, kodwa uma kunesidingo sokuyifaka ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda ekhona, isistimu ingacushwa ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zeplathifomu yokumba ngayinye. Ifakwe ama-valve amabili okulawula okudijithali, isistimu ivumela ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwanoma yiliphi i-valve ukuze lizihlukanise noma lisetshenziswe ngokuhlanganyela amanani okugeleza aphezulu. Ukulawula okunembayo kwalawa mavalvu okuminyanisa kuthuthukisa ukucindezela komthombo kanye nokulawula Okulinganayo Kokuminyana Kokujikeleza (ECD), okuvumela ukubhola ngokuphumelelayo ngodaka oluphansi. I-manifold iphinde ihlanganise uhlelo lokuvikela ukucindezela ngokweqile kanye namapayipi.
Idivayisi yokulinganisa ukugeleza enye imojuli. Isebenzisa ama-flow metres e-Coriolis, ikala amazinga okugeleza abuyayo kanye nezakhiwo zoketshezi, eziqashelwa njengezinga lemboni lokunemba. Ngedatha yebhalansi yenqwaba eqhubekayo, opharetha bangakwazi ukuhlonza ngokushesha izinguquko zengcindezi ye-downhole ezivela ngendlela yokungahambi kahle kokugeleza. Ukubonakala kwesikhathi sangempela kwezimo zemithombo kusiza izimpendulo ezisheshayo nokulungiswa, kubhekwane nezinkinga zengcindezi ngaphambi kokuba zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni.
Isistimu yokulawula yedijithali ifakwe ngaphakathi kwemojuli yesithathu futhi inesibopho sokuphatha idatha nemisebenzi yamadivayisi wokulinganisa nokulawula. Le nkundla yedijithali isebenza nge-HMI yekhompuyutha ephathekayo, ivumela opharetha ukuthi babuke izimo zokulinganisa ngezitayela zomlando kanye nokulawula ingcindezi ngesofthiwe yedijithali. Amashadi aboniswe esikrinini anikeza amathrendi esikhathi sangempela ezimo ze-downhole, avumela ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okungcono nezimpendulo ezisheshayo ezisekelwe kudatha. Uma usebenza kumodi yokucindezela kwe-bowhole engaguquki, isistimu ingafaka ingcindezi ngokushesha phakathi nezikhathi zokuxhuma. Ngokucindezela inkinobho elula, isistimu ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-valve okuminyanisa ukuze afake ingcindezi edingekayo emthonjeni womthombo, igcine ingcindezi ye-downhole eqhubekayo ngaphandle kokugeleza. Idatha efanelekile iyaqoqwa, igcinwe ukuze ihlaziywe ngemva komsebenzi, futhi idluliselwe ngoHlelo Lokudlulisa Ulwazi Lwe-Well (WITS) ukuze lubukwe endaweni ye-CENTRO.
Ngokulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ingcindezi, isixazululo se-Modus singasabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni ze-downhole, ukuvikela abasebenzi, i-wellbore, indawo ezungezile, nezinye izimpahla. Njengengxenye yesistimu yobuqotho bomthombo, isixazululo se-Modus silawula Ukuminyana Okulinganayo Kokujikeleza (ECD), okuhlinzeka ngendlela enokwethenjelwa yokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokusebenza nokuvikela ubuqotho bokubunjwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukubhoboza okuphephile ngaphakathi kwamafasitela okuphepha amancane okuguquguqukayo okuningi nokungaziwa.
I-Weatherford incike eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 yokuhlangenwe nakho, izinkulungwane zokusebenza, kanye nezigidi zamahora okusebenza ukuze ifingqa izindlela ezinokwethenjelwa, iheha inkampani esebenza e-Ohio ukuthi ikhiphe isisombululo se-Modus. Endaweni yase-Utica Shale, inkampani esebenzayo yayidinga ukumba umthombo wemithombo engu-8.5-intshi ifinyelele ekujuleni komklamo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhloso zezindleko zezindleko ezigunyaziwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokumba esihleliwe, isixazululo seModus sifinyeze isikhathi sokumba ngo-60%, saqeda sonke isigaba somthombo ohambweni olulodwa. Isihluthulelo sale mpumelelo kwakuwukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-MPD ukuze kugcinwe ukuminyana kodaka ngaphakathi kwesigaba esivundlile esiklanyelwe, kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi yokujikeleza kwemithombo yamanzi. Inhloso bekuwukugwema ukulimala okungase kube khona ekubunjweni odakeni oluminyanisa kakhulu ekubunjweni okunamaphrofayili okucindezela okungaqinisekile.
Phakathi nezigaba eziyisisekelo zokuklama nokuklama, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe be-Weatherford babambisana nenkampani esebenzayo ukuze bachaze ububanzi bomthombo ovundlile futhi babeke izinjongo zokumba. Ithimba lihlonze izidingo futhi lakha uhlelo lokulethwa kwekhwalithi yesevisi olungagcini nje ngokuxhumanisa ukwenziwa kwephrojekthi kanye nokuhleleka kodwa futhi lehlise izindleko zizonke. Onjiniyela be-Weatherford bancome isisombululo se-Modus njengesinqumo esingcono kakhulu senkampani esebenzayo.
Ngemva kokuqeda umklamo, izisebenzi zasensimini yase-Weatherford zenze inhlolovo yesayithi e-Ohio, okuvumela ithimba lendawo ukuthi lilungise indawo yokusebenza nendawo yomhlangano futhi lihlonze futhi liqede izingozi ezingaba khona. Ngaleso sikhathi, ochwepheshe abavela eTexas bahlole imishini ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Lawa maqembu womabili agcine ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo nenkampani esebenzayo ukuxhumanisa ukulethwa kwemishini ngesikhathi. Ngemva kokufika kwemishini ye-Modus MPD endaweni yokumba, ukufakwa nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwenziwa, futhi ithimba le-Weatherford lalungisa ngokushesha ukwakheka kokusebenza kwe-MPD ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinguquko kumklamo wokumba wenkampani esebenzayo.
05. Isicelo Siphumelele Esizeni
Nokho, ngemva nje kokuhlaliswa komthombo, kwavela izimpawu zokuvaleka emthonjeni. Ngemva kokuxoxisana nenkampani esebenzayo, ithimba le-MPD le-Weatherford linikeze uhlelo lwakamuva lokusebenza lokubhekana nenkinga. Isixazululo esithandwayo kwakuwukwandisa ukucindezela emuva ngenkathi ukhuphula kancane kancane ukuminyana kodaka ngo-0.5ppg (0.06 SG). Lokhu kwavumela umshini wokumba ukuthi uqhubeke nokumba ngaphandle kokulinda ukulungiswa kodaka futhi ngaphandle kokwanda kakhulu kokuminyana kodaka. Ngalokhu kulungiswa, umhlangano ofanayo wokumba imbobo yaphansi wasetshenziselwa ukubhola kuze kufike ekujuleni okuhlosiwe kwesigaba esivundlile ohambweni olulodwa.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi, isixazululo se-Modus siqaphe ngenkuthalo ukungena nokulahlekelwa kwe-wellbore, sivumela inkampani esebenzayo ukuthi isebenzise uketshezi lokumba olunokuminyana okuphansi nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-barite. Njengomphelelisi odakeni oluminyana kancane emgodini womthombo, ubuchwepheshe be-Modus MPD busebenzise ngokugcwele ukucindezela okungemuva endaweni yomthombo ukuze kusingathwe kalula izimo ze-downhole eziqhubekayo. Izindlela zendabuko ngokuvamile zithatha amahora noma usuku ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa ukuminyana kodaka.
Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beModus, inkampani esebenzayo yabhoboza yafinyelela ekujuleni okuhlosiwe ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokuklama (izinsuku eziyi-15). Ukwengeza, ngokunciphisa ukuminyana kodaka ngo-1.0 ppg (0.12 SG) nokulungisa ukucindezela okungemuva ukuze kulinganiswe izingcindezi ze-downhole kanye nokwakheka, inkampani esebenzayo yehlise izindleko zizonke. Ngalesi sixazululo se-Weatherford, ingxenye evundlile engamafidi angu-18,000 (amamitha angu-5486) yabholwa ohambweni olulodwa, okwandisa iMechanical Rate of Penetration (ROP) ngo-18% uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo emine evamile eseduze.
06.Umbono Ngekusasa Le-MPD Technology
Izimo ezibalulwe ngenhla, lapho inani lenziwa khona ngokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, ziyisibonelo esisodwa nje sokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwesixazululo se-Weatherford's Modus. Ngo-2024, iqoqo lezinhlelo lizosetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula ingcindezi, okuvumela ezinye izinkampani ezisebenzayo ukuthi ziqonde futhi zizuze inani lesikhathi eside ngezimo ezimbalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokwakha imithombo.
Iminyaka eminingi, imboni yamandla isebenzisa kuphela ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokumba. I-Weatherford inombono ohlukile wokulawula ingcindezi. Kuyisixazululo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza esisebenza ezigabeni eziningi, uma kungezona zonke, zemithombo kawoyela, okuhlanganisa imithombo evundlile, imithombo eqondisayo, imithombo yokuthuthukiswa, imithombo enezinhlangothi eziningi, nokunye. Ngokuchaza kabusha izinhloso ezingafinyelelwa ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kumthombo, okuhlanganisa ukufaka usimende, ukufakwa kwebhokisi eligijimayo, nokunye ukusebenza, bonke bayazuza kumthombo oqinile, ukugwema ukubhidlika kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokonakala kokwakheka kuyilapho kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle.
Isibonelo, ukulawula ingcindezi ngesikhathi sikasimende kuvumela izinkampani ezisebenzayo ukuthi zibhekane ngqo nemicimbi ye-downhole efana nokungena nokulahlekelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo. Ukwenza usimende olawulwa yingcindezi kusebenza kahle kakhulu emithonjeni enamafasitela amancane okumba, ukwakheka okubuthakathaka, noma amamajini amancane. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okulawula ingcindezi nobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokuqedela kuvumela ukulawula ingcindezi kalula ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamathuluzi okuqedela, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza nokunciphisa izingozi.
Ukulawulwa okungcono kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwamafasitela okusebenza aphephile futhi kusebenza kuyo yonke imithombo nemisebenzi. Ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kwezixazululo ze-Modus kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ingcindezi ezenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi emithonjeni kawoyela eyengeziwe manje kungenzeka. Izixazululo ze-Weatherford zinganikeza ukulawula kwengcindezi okuphelele, ukunciphisa izingozi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-wellbore, ukukhulisa ukuzinza kwe-wellbore, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-20-2024